When a blood vessel in the brain is blocked and causes a stroke, it is called an ischemic stroke, or cerebral infarction. Precursor symptoms of cerebral infarction are predictive signs of stroke, and include sudden peripheral motor/sensory disturbances, visual abnormalities, language/speech abnormalities, dizziness/confusion, and facial discomfort. Vascular problems and clot formation are the main causes of these precursor symptoms, and emergency measures, clot-dissolving drugs, revascularization surgery, rehabilitation, and preventive treatment are common treatments. Early recognition and prompt treatment play an important role in minimizing brain damage and increasing the chances of recovery.
1. Precursor symptoms of Cerebral Infarction
Precursor symptoms of cerebral infarction are a series of symptoms that appear before cerebral infarction occurs. These precursor symptoms may be transient or progressive, and may last from a few minutes to a few hours. Precursor symptoms are important because they provide an opportunity to predict stroke and take action. Precursor symptoms of cerebral infarction can appear in a variety of forms, some of which include:
1-1. Transient speech and peripheral movement disorders
You may suddenly have slurred speech or make strange noises, or briefly experience weakness or numbness in an arm or leg.
1-2. Visual Impairment
Sudden blindness or loss of vision in one eye may occur.
1-3. Headache and Dizziness
There may be severe headaches and dizziness that come on suddenly, making it difficult to stand, and mental confusion and confusion. If you have a different type of headache or severe dizziness that makes it difficult to stand and has problems with your balance, it may be an early symptom of a stroke, so you need to act quickly.
1-4. Sensory Impairment
Sudden tingling, numbness, loss of sensation, or pain in a specific area may occur.
1-5. Face Sickness
One side of the face may temporarily or permanently feel flat or deformed.
1-6. Pronunciation or speech abnormalities
Speech may be slow or slurred, making it difficult to speak and understand others.
Prognostic symptoms may disappear temporarily even after they occur, and if these symptoms appear, it is important to consult a medical professional immediately. Symptoms such as headache, dizziness, loss of equilibrium, speech difficulties, visual disturbance, paralysis, and paresthesia may be early signs of cerebral infarction, so prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent brain damage.
2. Cause of Cerebral Infarction
A cerebral infarction is a condition caused by sudden blockage of blood vessels in the brain. This blockage is primarily due to two causes.
2-1. Blood clots (formation of blood clots in blood vessels)
A blood clot is a clot in the blood that blocks a blood vessel. A cerebral infarction can occur if a blood clot forms inside a blood vessel and makes its way to the brain. Blood clots can be caused by heart disease (atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction), atherosclerosis, or blood clotting disorders.
2-2. Narrowing or blockage of blood vessels
Cerebral infarction can also occur if blood vessels are narrowed or blocked. Atherosclerosis can cause the walls of blood vessels to thicken and harden, obstructing the flow inside them. In addition, inflammation of blood vessels, blood clotting disorders, and vascular tumors can cause narrowing or blockage of blood vessels.
The causes of cerebral infarction are diverse and can be influenced by an individual’s health condition and lifestyle. Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, irregular eating habits, and lack of exercise are factors that can increase the risk of cerebral infarction. The occurrence of cerebral infarction can be prevented by recognizing these causes and through proper prevention and management.
3. Treatment
Cerebral infarction is a serious condition in which blood supply to the brain’s blood vessels is suddenly cut off, resulting in damage to brain tissue. Cerebral infarction treatment aims to:
3-1. Urgent Emergency Care
Urgent treatment of stroke focuses on restoring blood supply and minimizing brain damage. Intra-arterial thrombectomy (Mechanical Thrombectomy) can be performed to dissolve clots by administering clot-dissolving drugs or to remove clots.
3-2. Medical Treatment
After a cerebral infarction, medical treatment is important to stabilize the patient and prevent complications. This includes maintaining adequate blood pressure and circulation with drugs such as blood pressure control, heart rate control, anticoagulants and vasodilators.
3-3. Rehabilitation Treatment
Cerebral infarction can affect physical and cognitive function, so rehabilitation is an important part of the treatment process. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, etc. are provided to help restore physical function, motor skills, and language skills, and enable them to participate in daily life again.
3-4. Preventive Treatment
Cerebral infarction requires prophylactic treatment to prevent recurrence. This includes managing underlying conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, maintaining healthy eating habits, limiting smoking and alcohol consumption, and promoting physical activity.
Treatment methods may vary depending on the individual’s condition, and an individual treatment plan must be established under the guidance of an accurate diagnosis and medical professional. Cerebral infarction is a serious condition, so early detection and prompt treatment are necessary, and it is important to prevent cerebral infarction by following preventive measures.
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